Process of weaving pile fabric



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GENERALLY KNOWN AS H. .l. HARDING PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRIC Original Filed Oct. 29, 1946 14 Sheets-Sheet 7 generally known- 06 ORNEYS y 1949- i J. H. HARDING, 2,477,248

GENERALLY KNOWN AS H. J. HARDING PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRIC Original Filed Oct. 29, 1946 14 Shasta-Sheet 8 I I 1 I I i. I I I & a F

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GENERALLY KNOWN AS H. J. HARDING PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRIC Original Filed Oct. 29, 1946 N 14 Sheets-Sheet 9 H. J. HARDING PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRIC Origin riled Oct. 29, 1946 July 26, 1949. J. H. HARDING GENERALLY KNOWN AS 14 Sheets-Sheet 10 gengrugy krwwm 9.5 Q

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John Henry Harding, generally known as Harry J. Harding, Philadelphia, Pa... assignor to 0. H. Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Original application October 29, 1946, Serial No.

706,354. Divided and this application Septembet 4, 1947, Serial No. 772,080

1 19 Claims.

My invention relates to a process of weaving in which there are two different types of pile, high and low, cut and uncut, either or both, produced on one cycle.

The present application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 631,202, filed November 27, 1945, for Fabric, process and loom, now abandoned. The loom subject matter relating to the present application is described and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 706,353, for Loom, filed October 29, 1946, and the fabric subject matter is described and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 706,354, for Fabric and process, filed October 29, 1946, of which the present application is a division.

A purpose of my invention is to weave both a cut and uncut pile tuft, either or both as the pattern requires, on a given cycle of loom operation, and which in the finished fabric will lie in the same transverse line of tufts.

A further purpose is to employ two heights of pile in the same transverse row of tufts in the finished fabric, either or both of which may be cut or uncut. v

A further purpose is to weave apile fabric with one tuft raised on the second of a pair of weft shots and another tuft raised on a weft miss, preferably on the second of a pair of weft misses, either or both as the pattern requires, in a given weaving cycle. 7

A further purpose in the weave of a floor covering is to insert only two shots of weft for two wires which are used selectively on one weavingcycle as the pattern may require.

A further purpose is to form a pile fabric over a cut wire and an uncut wire both inserted on a given cycle, while inserting only two weft shots during the cycle.

A further purpose is to provide a pile fabric having alternate cut and uncut pile and in which there are two solid picks and then two blank picks.

A further purpose is to produce a pile fabric in which there are 16 wires for each 16 solid picks but for 32 beats of the lay.

A further purpose is in special weaving to start the cycle with one chain warp heddle up, the other chain warp heddle down and the stuffer warp heddle down, the lash or pile down, and pick; reverse all of the heddles while carrying the lash or pile up, insert a wire and pick; reverse the stufier warp heddle, carrying the lash or pile down and miss a pick; maintain the positions of the chain warp heddles and stufi'er warp heddle, while carrying the lash or pile up, insert a wire and again missa pick; and'then repeat the cycle, beginning with the heddle positions unchanged, the lash or pile down and pick, etc.

A further purpose is to provide eight revolutions of the crank shaft to one revolution of the treadle box, and alternate two solid picks and two blank picks, to allow for change in the character of wire as the pattern requires.

A further purpose is to reverse the fine chain warps between adjacent solid picks, to correspondingly reverse the stufier warp between adjacent solid picks and to keep it below the pick positions at blank picks and to provide uncut pile coincident with one of the solid picks and cut pile between one pair of solid picks and the next, as required by the pattern.

The fine chain warps are reversed between each adjacent pair of solid picks and then remain one up and the other down during the next two blank picks, being reversed between the following adjacent pair of solid picks to then remain in the same raised or lowered position until the next two adjacent solid picks. The result is that the fine chain warp heddles are one lifted and the other lowered between two solid picks and remain in their lifted and lowered position until the next pair of solid picks, between which they are lowered and lifted respectively, this action keeping on progressively. Meantime the stuffer warp heddle is lifted between each pair of solid picks, lowered immediately after, and held down during the intermediate blank picks and the first succeeding solid picks then lifted and lowered again over the second of the adjacent solid picks.

This invention relates to the formation of a relief pattern in weavin pile fabrics through control of the position and relation of cut and uncut pile tufts and to a process of manufacture of the fabric.

A further purpose is to use the difference in appearance between the surfaces secured by cut as compared with uncut pile tufts as a means of weaving a design or figure within transverse rows of tufts in a pile fabric.

A further purpose is to use a standard type of loom with suitable control of the picking cam so as to intersperse solid picks and at least one blank pick and suitable to control the heddles lifting and lowering the chain warps, stufier warp and pile warps and alternate 0r intersperse cutting and non-cutting pile wires in accordance with the extent and position of cut pile tufts and uncut pile tufts by which the design is to be effected.

A further purpose in my special pile fabric is to take a number of solid picks at intervals between at least one blank pick position, each of which shall have a suitable relation, preferably each to be equal to the number of pile wires used, cutting the tufts formed by some of the pile wires and not cutting the tufts formed by intervening pile wires, in a number andlrelation of cut and uncut tufts corresponding with the field and design of the pile fabric woven.

A further purpose is to intervene blank picks preferably in pairs between solid picks in pairs with cut and uncut pile respectively alternating, one opposite the solid picks and the other opposite the blank picks.

A further purpose is to obtain an embossed effect in pile fabric weaving without unnecessary utilization of weft yarn by raising the pile over the second of a pair of weft shots in the cycle and/or as the pattern requires raising the same or another pile yarn to a different height over one of two misses in the shuttle operation in the same cycle.

A further purpose is to bring pile tufts of different kinds into the same transverse row of pile tufts in the finished fabric while employing mispicks between the respective different tufts in weaving, without crossing the chain warps in the interval between the tufts.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings 1 have chosen to illustrate two embodiments, of numerous forms in which the invention might be employed, choosing the form shown from the standpoint of convenience of illustration, satisfactory operation and clear exempliflcation of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 6 inclusive are diagrammatic, longitudinal illustrations of the steps in weaving the fabric according to the invention.

Figures 3 4, 5"- and 6 are enlarged diagrammatic illustrations of fragments of the respective Figures 3 to 6 inclusive.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic, longitudinal section of the preferred form of the weave of the present invention prior to cutting of the pile.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic, longitudinal sec- 4 tion similar to Figure '7, but showing the cut pile in out form.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the completed fabric.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic fabric of the invention.

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragment of Figure 9.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of one loom to which the invention has been applied,

Figure 10 is a fragmentary diagrammatic'elevation of a Jacquard mechanism.

Figure 10 is an enlarged central vertical secplan view of. the

tion of'the Jacquard mechanism of Figure 10".

Figure 11 is a partially diagrammatic fragmentary perspective of the two sides of the loom, showing one form of picking mechanism.

Figure 12 is a perspectiv of a picking cam assembly for a four shot weave using the picking motion of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a front elevation of a variant picking mechanism.

Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective of the picking latch mechanism of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a fragmentary perspective of the reverse side of the mechanism shown in Figure 14 detached or pulled apart to show the interrelations of the parts.

Figure 16 is a diagrammatic view showing the means of connecting the picking mechanism on the two sides of the loom.

Figures 17 and 18 are fragmentary side elevations of wires.

Figures 19 to 22 inclusive are diagrammatic longitudinal sections of variant weaves embodying the invention. In the drawings, like parts throughout.

In the present invention, a two shot fabric is produced since there are two watts per cycle, but the treadle box motion, the take-up and the pick are in the preferred embodiment on a four shot basis since there are preferably two miss shots per cycle. I

Referring particularly to Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, which illustrate the weaving of a two frame Wilton carpet (floor covering). a loom a diagrammatically illustrated of any suitable design, having reed 20, front chain warp heddie 2|, rear chain warp heddle 22 and stufler warp heddle 23, as well as lingoe heddles 24 and 25 which carry the pile warps in raised or lowered position. The double chain warp sets 26 and 21 are supplied from beam 28. The stuffer warp 29 is mounted on stuifer beam Iii. It will be evident, of course, that any suitable number of staffers desired may be employed.

Any suitable number of pile yarns may be used, of which two are illustratedat 3i and 32, supplied from creel frames 33 and 34. The invention has been applied successfully using up to six pile warps, and the choice of two pile warps herein is for the'sake of simplicity in illustration. As well known in the art, the stuflers and numerals refer to like chains are supplied over iumbos and 36.

Each of Figures 1 to 6 corresponds to a different rotation of the crankshaft in a normal loom.

Figure 1 shows the assumed condition at the beginning of a cycle, based upon the production of a two shot fabric using a four shot motion. At the beginning of the cycle shown in Figure 1, the front chain heddle 2| is up, the rear chain heddle 22 is down and the stufier warp heddle 23 is down, while the lingoe heddles 24 and 25 are also down. In this position, the first shot of weft 31 is taken, passing under chain warp 27 and over all other warps. At the end of the step shown in Figure l. the reed moves forward beating up the weft or filling shot in the conventional manner.

As shown in Figure 2, the heddlesare reversed in this position, the front chain heddle 2! moving down and the rear chain heddle 22 and stufler warp heddle 23 moving up. Some lingoe heddles 24 rise fully, lifting the pile warp 3|, while other lingoe heddles 25 go up half way, as the pattern requires. In this position, a shot of weft 38 is inserted under the stuffer 29, the pile warps 3i and 32 and the chain warp 26, and above the chain warp 21. A wire 39 is inserted above everything except the pile warp II, and the reed moves forward beating up the weft.

In the position of Figure 3, the chain warp heddles remain unchanged whfle stuffer warp heddle 23 moves down, and lingoe heddles 24 and 25 carrying the pile likewise move down. In this position the loom misses a pick, although the reed comes forward and again beats up the previous shot. As shown in Figure 3-, the forming pile at this position includes the two wefts I1 and 38 and the wire ll, with no additional weft. The last operation inserted either a cut wire or an uncut wire, but in the preferred embodiment as later explained it will be an uncut wire. This step is convenient to conform to a four step cycle commonly used and may if desired be the occasion for removal of As shown in Figure 4, during the next step the front and back chain heddles and the stufl'er heddle remain the same while some lingoe heddles 24 come up half way and other lingoe heddles 25 come up fully as the pattern requires. A wire 40 is inserted below the pile warp I2 and above all other warps, while the weft shot is missed. As shown in Figure 4, the position of the forming fabric is substantially the same as illustrated. in Figure 3' since the previous shot was a miss. The reed comes forward and beats up the weft 3| in the usual manner. I

The four steps described represent a complete cycle. To illustrate the relation with the succeeding cycle, a portion of the next cycle is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.

In Figure 5, the front and rear chain warp heddles and the stuifer warp heddles remain the same, the lingoe heddles both remain down and the weft shot 4| is taken passing under the chain warp 26 and above all other warps. The condition of the fabric resulting from the Previous cycle is represented in Figure 5', with two wefts in position and two wires also in position, one of the wires corresponding to the second miss shot.

As illustrated in Figure 6, the next step results in a reversal of the chain warp heddles and stufler warp heddle, while some lingoe heddles 24 are up The heating up of the lay at the mispick position and on the next pick performs an important function, which will be understood by reference to Figure 6. It will be noted that once the wires are withdrawn, there is nothing in the structure of the fabric separating the different tufts formed over the respective wires 39 and 40. The beat of the lay on the mispicks and the next pick applies tension on the chain warps and the pile, and as soon as the wires are removed this tension pulls the different tufts formed over the wires 39 and 40 into the same transverse line of tufts, so that then they will appear from the face of the fabric to be in the same transverse line of tufts, as in" fact they previously have been from the standpoint of the structure of the fabric.

The successive wires inserted will normally be alternately low wires and high wires. Due to the fact that if the low wire is inserted last in the cycle, it will not be protected against being pushed up by the reed, it is very desirable to insert the low wire first and the high wire second in the sequence. Thus wire 39 is preferably a low wire and wire 40 is a high wire. By this procedure the wefts of the next cycle tend to bind the high wire in position and it protects the low wire ahead of it from being improperly forced up by the reed.

It is also very desirable to use a combination of uncut and cut wires, the low wire being normally a non-cutting Wire to produce an uncut pile loop, and the high wire being a cutting wire to produce a cut pile tuft. This results in the mosaic effect later described.

It will be evident, of course, that any suitable number of wires may be employed, and the wire insertion mechanism may be that used in conventional practice. The wires, of course, will remain in place until long after completion of the weaving cycle and will then be withdrawn at a suitable point.

The steps which take place in one cycle produce either or both of two tufts (depending upon the pattern requirement) which are transversely in the same line of tufts as all other tufts produced on that cycle, once the wires are removed.

In the preferred embodiment of the weave of the present invention, each second cycle (after four picks and four mispicks) is a true repetition and each next cycle (after two picks and two mispicks) is a repetition except that the chain warps are reversed.

It will be noted that while the drawings show two pile tufts of diflerent characters forming selectively at a'given lateral point on a given cycle, one opposite the second of a pair of picks and the other opposite the second of a pair of mispicks, the action of the subsequent beat of the lay applied to the mispicks and to the next pick creates the tension in the chain warp and pile which, on removal of the wires well after the end of the cycle, brings all pile tufts formed on a given cycle into the same transverse line of tufts. Thus though Figure 7 and other similar figures show high pile and low pile tufts which appear to be in a different transverse line, when the fabric has been beaten up and the wires removed, the various tufts transversely across the fabric formed on a given cycle, whether they be high tufts or low tufts or cut tufts or uncut tufts, are brought into the same transverse line of tufts. This is important from the standpoint of appearance, economy in material used in production of the fabric and wearing qualtiy of the fabric.

The nature of the fabric 43 will be better understood by reference to Figure '7 which shows diagrammatically a sequence of non-cutting wires 44, desirably relatively lower, and cutting wires 45 desirably relatively higher. The pile formed by the loops 46 extending over the noncutting wires is carried to the back of the fabric at 41, coming up again as the pattern may require. In Figure 7 the loops 46 are brought up over each of the uncut wires, whereas in actual practice they would normally only be brought up at points where the pattern required loops rather than out pile. Likewise the loops 48 subsequently to be out are shown in Figure 7 as carried over each of the cutting wires, whereas in actual practice they woould normally not be carried up where uncut loops were being used on the particular cycle and lateral position.

It will thus be evident that for each cycle there are two wires of different dimensionsor types inserted, but the pile will normally be carried over only one of them in accordance with the demands of the pattern. Both of these wires form tufts which, after the wires are removed, lie in the same transverse row. The weft shots 49 and 50 are in pairs between which the chain warps 5| and 52 cross, the intermediate spaces 53 and 54 being indicated as miss shots. Actually in the finished fabricthe wefts will, of course, be positioned with weft 49 of each pair to the front of the fabric and weft 50 of each pair to the back of the fabric, and the spaces corresponding to the miss shots will be lost, bringing all solid shots into uniform and normal spacing sequence (Figure 8 But the effect of the miss shots will be there, since they different tufts formed with the weft shot and the following miss shot will lie in the same transverse line of tufts. The stufler warp 55 is carried up over each second shot 50 of the pair, but otherwise remains in the back of the fabric.

v The result achieved is better indicated in Figure 8 in which the tufts for convenience in illustration retain the conventional positions which they had when held by the wires. The relatively low uncut tufts or loops 4! appear in a group at 50 corresponding to a portion of the pattern calling for uncut loops, while the cut tufts 51 resulting from cutting of the loops l correspondingly conform to a portion of the pattern calling for out pile.

One of the important features of the invention is that the uncut tufts or loops 58 formed in a given cycle are, after the fabric is beaten up and the wires are removed (the wires will normally not be removed until considerably later, as in normal practice, and this may be accomplished on the third step of the cycle), in the same transverse line of tufts as the cut tufts 59, formed on that cycle, although actually in the drawing the tufts 59 appear slightly to one side, in accordance with the convention of illustrating the fabric before the beat.

Figure 8 shows more clearly the actual form of the completed fabric, with wefts 50 at the back and wefts' 49 at the front, and low uncut pile tufts 58' standing in the same transverse line of tufts and in front of higher cut pile tufts 59', while higher cut pile tufts 59 stand in the same transverse line of tufts with and in front of low uncut tufts 58. Thus it will be seen that in the finished fabric the cut and uncut loops are in the same transverse row.

Figures 9 and 9 illustrate the face of pile fabric according to the invention. The uncut pile areas 60 in base relief are interspersed with cut pile areas 6| which are higher and more prominent, causing an embossed or mosaic effect.

Certain tufts 60' of the areas 80 are on the same transverse row of tufts as other tufts 6! in the areas 6|. One of the important advantages of the invention is that it is possible to place the cut and uncut or high and low pile tufts in the same transverse row of tufts.

The loom of the present invention may correspond to any standard design with structural modifications to accomplish the special weave. The invention will normally be applied by modifying a standard Wilton loom.

Figure shows a typical Dobcross Wilton loom omitting the jacquard, which has been modified as later explained to produce my special weave. The loom is of well known type having a reed 62, heddle harness 03, treadle box levers 64,

' treadle box 65,- picking sticks 66, take-up 61, pike roll 68, take-up roll 69, wire motion mechanism 10, and jacquard standards I l Figures 10 and 10 illustrate a conventional jacquard mechanism 1 consisting. of an upper frameil2 mounting the usual jacquard mechanism. 13 having end frames 14 in which are vertically'slidab lymounted an upper grid 15 and a lower grid l6. The jacquard-mechanism 13 also comprises the usualgse'ries of-wires. ll, of which only two are shown.'buti of which one will be used for each of the pattern threads of each pile warp. Lingoe undernormai conditions. rest on a bar or rib ll of the lower-grid 16.

The jacquard wires 11 are controlled by needies 02 and these needles are controlled by a 8 string of Jacquard cards 02 which pass around a card cylinder 84, which is reciprocated bodily back and forth with respect to ends of the needles 82, as well known in the art of weaving,

to present the suitably punched cards of the string 83 successively to the operating ends 85 of the needles 02. V

The card cylinder 84 is mounted for intermittent rotation, in the usual manner, in bearings 96 carried on the ends of axially movable rods 01 slidably mounted in bearings 88 on the frame 14 of the jacquard mechanism 13, and the usual hooks 80 are provided for turning the cylinder one step at a time for each reciprocation of the cylinder toward and away from the needles 82.

The cylinder is reciprocated by operating rods 90 connected at one end to the bearing heads 08 onthe cylinder supporting rods 81. the opposite ends of the operating rods 90 being connected to the outer ends of levers 9|. The levers 9| are fixed on rock shafts 92 rotatably mounted in frames 93 supported by the super-structure 12.

On the cylinder rock shaft 92 is a lever 94 the other end of which is operatively connected to a suitable link 95 driven by the loom as well known in the art.

The grids 15 and 16 are coupled together and operate in unison with differential rise and fall between the two grids, as well known. The upper grid 15 is connected at each of its opposite ends by links 96 to one end of levers 91 pivotally mounted on a rock shaft 98 having bearing support on the frame 93, the opposite lever end being connected to a link 99 for operation of the frame from the loom in the well known manner.

The lower grid 16 is operatively connected at each of its ends by a link Hill to one end of a lever ML of which there are two, only one being shown. The levers l0] are rigidly secured to a rock shaft I02 which is rotatably mounted in the frame 93. One of the levers llll is provided at its opposite end with an operating link I03 which connects to the outer end of lever 91.

As well known in the art, the card cylinder moves toward the ends of the needles 82 of the jacquard mechanism once in any single step of the weaving operation and each card in the string is'adapted to select certain pattern threads to be raised in a manner to form the pile face of the fabric and produce the desired design.

In order to modify the loom of Figure 10 to produce my special weave, it is of first importance to change the picking mechanism so that the cycle will begin with two picks and follow with two mispicks. As shown in the modified treadle box .of Figure 11, power to drive the picking mechanism is transmitted through bottom shaft I04 running from side to side of the loom on suitable bearings, not shown, turning in the direction of the arrow, and carrying bevel gear I05 which drives cooperating bevel gear I06 on countershaft I01 carried by suitable bearings, not shown. The countershaft llll also carries pinion l08 meshing with treadle box pinion gear I09 on treadle box shaft 0 supported in suitable bearings, not illustrated. Treadle box gear I09 drives stuffer heddle cam Hi and chain heddle cams H2 and 3, of well known character. Also turning on the same shaft is picking change cam Ill, shown more in detail in Figure 12.

The stufler and chain warp heddle cams may be identical with those normally used, preferably modified at approach and release portions to give quick pick-up and release with change of driving speed. In the normal prior art cn struction a one-to-one ratio has been used on the gears I and I06, whereas in the present invention it has been found desirable to employ a one-to-two ratio, thus cutting the heddle cam speed in half. The ratio between the pinions I08 and I09 is one-to-two, so that the ratio between the bevel gear I05 and the treadle box shaft H0 is one-to-four, giving one rotation of the picking change cam M4 for every two cycles, or one-half rotation per cycle. The heddle cam speeds are cut in half with respect to the prior art practice.

The mechanism for transmitting heddle motion from the cams consists of the treadle box levers 64, 64' and 84 which are pivoted at 64 and provided with followers, not shown, which ride the cams as well known in the art. As the treadie box levers are moved, they transmit the motion to the heddle harnesses through rigging such as chains II5, passing over suitable sprockets H6 as in prior practice.

At the two sides of the loom, or at opposite ends of the bottom shaft I04, I provide a left hand picking disc III having a picking hammer H8 and a right hand picking disc II9 having a picking hammer I20, the respective picking hammers being 180 out of phase as shown in Figure 11, so that when the hammer at one side is in picking position the hammer at the other side is 180 removed therefrom. At each side of the loom is a picking shaft I2I on the left, and I22,on the right, carrying a picking tongue I23 on the left and I24 on the right, which are located toward the outside of the loom with respect to the picking disc and at the proper time are engaged and depressed by the appropriate picking hammer. The picking shafts are supported in suitable bearings not shown. Picking shaft I2I merely rotates, but picking shaft I22 both rotates and moves longitudinally as later explained. On each picking shaft is a picking wing I25 on the left and I28 on the right, the two picking wings being oppositely directed as well known. Each picking wing through its leather strap I2! applies an impulse to-the appropriate picking stick 88 suitably pivoted at I28 and spring urged to return at I29 toward a suitable abutment. The action of the picking stick in throwing the shuttle is of course well known in loom design.

The picking change cam II4 operates on a follower I30 (Figure 12) at the end of a bell crank lever I3I pivoted at I32 to vertically urge the pull rod I33, on the opposite end I34 of the bell crank, pulling or pushing on the lever I35 on picking change shaft I36 running from left to right of the loom and mounted in suitable bearings, not shown. On the right hand side of the loom, shaft I 35 carries picking shaft lever I3'I whose forked end I38 engages between two abutments I39 on longitudinally movable picking shaft I22. Thus when the follower I30 is on a high of the cam, the picking tongue I24 is in picking position and adapted to be engaged by the picking hammer I20, while when the follower I30 is on a low of the cam, the picking tongue I24 is moved to the position shown in dot and dash lines in Figure 11 so that it is missed b the picking hammer I20 and picking does not occur.

The picking change cam as shown in Figure 12 has a comparatively short high or outer cam portion I40 corresponding in length to one step in the cycle, and a substantially longer low or inner radial cam portion I4I corresponding in shuttle is not in the left hand 10 length to three steps of the cycle, and I40 and HI totalling one-half revolution, to be accomplished in one cycle. 1

Thus at the beginning of a cycle, as shown in Figure 1, the shuttle is in the right hand position, and the picking change cam-I I4 is in high" or picking position, with the follower I30 at a high or radially outer portion I40 of the picking change cam. This places picking tongue I24 in the position shown in full lines in Figure 11. The picking hammer I20 at the right is 180 out of the position shown in Figure 11, or in picking position, and the shuttle is thrown from right to left. Nothing happens regarding the shuttle on the left because the picking hammer is 180 out of phase and the shuttle is not 'over in the left hand box at the beginning of this step.

In the next step, as shown in Figure 2, the picking change cam moves on until the follower I 30 is in the low or radially inner portion I of the cam path, moving the right hand picking tongue I24 out of picking position. This is immaterial in any case because the right hand pick-- ing hammer I20 is 180 removed from picking po sition and the shuttle is over on the left so that no pick could occur "from the right. Over on the left, however, the picking hammer H8 is in picking position and encounters the picking tongue I23, throwing the shuttle from left to right.

In the next step, shown in Figure 3, no picking action can occur from the left because the picking hammer H8 is 180 out of picking position, and the shuttle is on the right. The follower I30 is still in a, radially inner or "low position I4! of the picking change cam, so that the right hand picking tongue I24 is in the dot-and-dash or inoperative position of Figure 11, and no picking can occur, notwithstanding that the shuttle is in the right hand box. This is the first of the misses on the cycle. I

In the next step, corresponding to Figure 4, the follower I30 is still in a low or radially inner portion I M of the picking change cam, and the picking tongue I24 on the right is in inoperative or miss position, so that there is a miss from the right. Over on the left the picking hammer H8 is in picking position and actually strikes the,

picking tongue I23 and operates the picking stick 66 at the left, but there is a miss because the box and cannot be thrown.

Thus by this procedure the required sequence in the preferred embodiment of two picks and two misses is obtained with very little departure from the standard Dobcross picking mechanism.

Figures 13 to 16 inclusive illustrate the changes required in the picking motion in order to carry out the process of the present invention on a Landsdowne loom.

The driving shaft I42, though versely to the bottom shaft I04 above referred to, moves at the same speed as the bottom shaft I04 and may be considered to be the equivalent thereof. The shaft I42 carries a crank I43, which upcrates on a connecting rod I44 Which extends horizontally across from one side to the other of the loom, and on each side of the loom operates an identical but opposite counterpart picking rocker I45 pivoted at I46 to rigid. frame structure I41, and pivotally connected to the connecting rod I44 at I48. Each picking rocker I45 carries an adjustable picking abutment I49. The picking abutments I49 are continuously carried by the crank through an are from one limiting position at the left of their stroke as shown in positioned trans- I53. The structure at the right, not shown, is

an opposite counterpart.

The picking arm I50 carries a picker strap I54, suitably of conventional type, which connects to a pivoted picker Stick 69 of well known character.

The picking motion is determined by a gear I55 driven from a gear I56 on shaft I 42, at one fourth the speed of shaft I42. Gear I55 is on shaft I51 carryin picking change cam I58. Bearings for the shaft are of any suitable character, not shown. The picking change cam I58 turns onehalf revolution per cycle and has two high portions I59 each extending slightly over 45 and two low portions I 60 each extending slightly over 45, with suitable transition portions between. A follower lever IGI on fixed pivot I62 carries a follower I63 which engages the picking change cam, and is spring urged toward the cam by a spring I64 suitably of tension type connected to a spring abutment. The opposite end of the follower lever IGI is pivotally connected at I65 to a follower rod I66 illustrated more in detail in Figures 15 and 16, which connects to and operates a bell crank lever I61 pivoting at I68 on bearings not shown, and having at its opposite end a slot I69 engaging a pin I10 for moving in and out a sliding latch control bar Ill moving longitudinally in a latch I12 on a fixed pivot I13 in the frame structure, and spring urged toward latching position by a tension spring I14 from a suitable anchorage. The end I15 of the latch control bar "I when in its lower position with respect to Figure 15 is'engaged by the picking abutment I49 on the Picking rocker I45 near the upper end of its stroke.

The latch I12 by its latching dog I18 engages a latching abutment I11 (Figure 15), on the picking arm I50, when the latch is in latching position, holding the picking arm against release of the pull of spring I53 and preventing throwing of the picker stick.

when the cam moves to a low, the latch con-- trol bar moves to lower position (Figures 13 to 16 inclusive) where it can be engaged by the picking abutment I49, the latch is opened. releasing the picking arm I50 and permitting spring I53 to throw the picker stick. In case cam I58 prevents the latch control bar from engagement by the pickingabutment I49, the latch cannot be seen that the bell crank I01 is connected with its arm engaging follower rod extension I88 extending up rather than down, and the arm engaging the latch control bar "I oppositely directed from that on the left. Likewise the picking rockers, arms and latches are opposite, so that the forward stroke on the left which creates a pick or a miss pick corresponds to the return stroke on the right, and vice versa.

To summarize the operation of the form of Figures 13 to 16 inclusive. in the first step corresponding to Figure 1, with the shuttle in the right hand box, thecam follower I68 has just begun to arrive at a radial inner or iow portion I 60 of the picking change cam I58, moving the picking latch control bars "I at both sides of the loom into the picking position where they can be intercepted by the picking abutment I49. However, the picking rocker I45 on the right is then moving toward the position for engagement between the abutment I49 and the end ll! of the latch control bar. while on the left the picking rocker I4! is on its return or inoperative stroke. Therefore on the right the picking abutment I4! engages the latch control her, releasing the latch and permitting the spring I" to throw over the picking arm I50, which in turn pulls the picker strap I54 and the picker stick it and throws the shuttle from right to left.

In the next step as shown in Figure 2, the follower I63 is still on a radial inner or low portion I60 of the picking change cam I58, the shuttle is in the left hand box and the picking rocker at the left is in its operative stroke. Therefore at the left the picking abutment I49 strikes the end I15 of the latch control bar, releases the latch,

"and permits the spring iii to throw over the stroke.

In the third step corresponding to Figure 3, the cam follower I63 has arrived at a high or radially outer portion I59 of the picking change cam I58, moving the latch control bars Ill to the upper or i miss position, so that, while the picking rocker released and the picker stick cannot be thrown,

so that there is a miss.

A projection at I18 from the back of the picking rocker I45 engages the picking arm I50 on the return stroke and returns the arm to the position shown in Figure 13, compressing the spring I53 and permitting. the latch spring I14 to restore the latch to latching position, and holding the picking arm in this position until the latch is next released.

It will be evident of course that the picker stick and the picking mechanism on the right hand side of the loom will be opposite counter parts of those here shown at the left hand side of the loom, as indicated in Figure 16, where it is I45 on the right makes a stroke in the operative direction, the picking abutment I48 does not encounter the picking control bar, the latch is not released and the shuttle is not thrown. Over at the left the picking rocker I4! is making its return stroke.

In the fourth step of the cycle as shown in Figure 4, the follower 163 is near the end of a radially outer portion I59 of the picking change cam I58, so that the latch control bars I'll are still set for a miss. The picking rocker I45 on the right is on its return stroke, but the picking rocker at the left is on its operative or forward stroke, but accomplishes nothing due to the fact that the picking abutment I4! does not encounter the picking control'bar I1I. IIfnv any. case there could be no picking from the left, as the shuttle is in the right hand box, but the .shifting'of the pickingcontrol bar at the left in this case prevents throwing the picker stick in the absence of the shuttle, which in the case of the heavier mechanism of Figures 13 to 16 might cause some damage to the equipment.

The only other change which normally would be encountered-in a loom to produce the special weave under discussion would be the change in the take-up speed to make it accommodate the w 

